轻型钢结构的

　　Lightweight steel structures

　　核心构成

　　Core components

　　轻型钢结构是一种以冷弯薄壁型钢、热轧轻型型钢（如 H 型钢、角钢、槽钢等）为主要承重构件，配合轻质围护材料（如彩钢板、夹芯板）组成的结构体系，具有重量轻、跨度大、施工快、抗震性好等特点，广泛应用于工业厂房、仓库、展览馆、办公楼、别墅等建筑领域。

　　Light steel structure is a structural system mainly composed of cold-formed thin-walled steel and hot-rolled lightweight steel (such as H-beams, angle steels, channel steels, etc.) as load-bearing components, combined with lightweight enclosure materials (such as color steel plates, sandwich panels). It has the characteristics of light weight, large span, fast construction, and good seismic resistance, and is widely used in industrial plants, warehouses, exhibition halls, office buildings, villas and other construction fields.

　　01承重结构：核心受力骨架

　　01 Load bearing structure: Core load-bearing skeleton

　　承重结构是轻型钢结构的 “骨架”，负责传递建筑的自重、活荷载（如人员、设备重量）、风荷载、雪荷载等，主要包括以下构件：

　　The load-bearing structure is the "skeleton" of lightweight steel structures, responsible for transmitting the self weight, live loads (such as personnel and equipment weight), wind loads, snow loads, etc. of the building, mainly including the following components:

　　01梁

　　01 Beam

　　水平方向的主要承重构件，承受竖向荷载并传递给柱，常见形式有H 型钢梁（热轧或焊接）、冷弯 C/Z 型钢檩条（次梁，支撑围护面板）。

　　The main load-bearing component in the horizontal direction, which bears vertical loads and transfers them to columns, commonly takes the form of H-shaped steel beams (hot-rolled or welded) and cold-formed C/Z-shaped steel purlins (secondary beams, supporting enclosure panels).

　　02柱

　　02 pillar

　　垂直方向的承重构件，将梁传递的荷载传递给基础，常见形式有H 型钢柱、方管柱，根据受力特点可设计为等截面或变截面（如柱顶截面小、柱底截面大，优化受力）。

　　Vertical load-bearing components transfer the load transmitted from the beam to the foundation. Common forms include H-shaped steel columns and square tube columns, which can be designed with equal or variable cross-sections based on their stress characteristics (such as small top and large bottom cross-sections, optimizing stress).

　　03支撑系统

　　03 Support System

　　分为水平支撑（如屋面水平支撑、柱间水平支撑）和竖向支撑（如柱间支撑），作用是抵抗水平荷载（风、地震），保证结构的整体刚度和稳定性，防止构件发生侧向失稳。

　　It is divided into horizontal support (such as roof horizontal support, column to column horizontal support) and vertical support (such as column to column support), which serve to resist horizontal loads (wind, earthquake), ensure the overall stiffness and stability of the structure, and prevent lateral instability of components.

　　02围护结构：轻质、节能的 “外衣”

　　02 Enclosure Structure: Lightweight and Energy saving 'Outer Coat'

　　围护结构不承担主要承重，主要功能是遮风挡雨、保温隔热、隔声，且重量轻（减轻结构荷载），常见材料包括：

　　The enclosure structure does not bear the main load-bearing capacity, and its main functions are to provide shelter from wind and rain, thermal insulation, sound insulation, and is lightweight (reducing structural loads). Common materials include:

　　1屋面系统：

　　Roof system:

　　面板：彩色压型钢板（单层或夹芯板，夹芯材料多为岩棉、玻璃棉、聚氨酯，兼具保温和防火性能），板型多为 YX 系列（如 YX25-210-840），通过自攻螺钉固定在檩条上。

　　Panel: Colored profiled steel sheet (single-layer or sandwich panel, with sandwich materials mostly made of rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane, and possessing both insulation and fire resistance properties), mostly of YX series (such as YX25-210-840), fixed to purlins with self tapping screws.

　　配件：天沟（收集雨水，材质多为彩钢板或不锈钢）、屋脊盖板、泛水板（密封屋面与墙体、天窗的缝隙，防止漏水）。

　　Accessories: gutter (collecting rainwater, mostly made of color steel plate or stainless steel), ridge cover plate, flashing plate (sealing the gaps between the roof, wall, and skylight to prevent water leakage).

　　2墙面系统：

　　2 Wall System:

　　面板：与屋面类似，多为彩色夹芯板，部分建筑采用玻璃幕墙或铝单板（提升美观性）。

　　Panel: Similar to roofs, it is mostly made of colored sandwich panels, and some buildings use glass curtain walls or aluminum veneers to enhance aesthetics.

　　基础：墙面底部通常设置C 型钢地梁，与混凝土基础连接，保证墙面稳定性。

　　Foundation: C-shaped steel ground beams are usually installed at the bottom of the wall, connected to the concrete foundation to ensure the stability of the wall.

　　03连接节点：结构的 “关节”

　　03 Connecting nodes: the "joints" of the structure

　　1螺栓连接

　　1. Bolt connection

　　最常用，分为普通螺栓（用于次要连接，如檩条与梁）和高强度螺栓（用于主要受力连接，如梁与柱、支撑与梁柱），优点是可拆卸、安装便捷，无需现场焊接。

　　The most commonly used bolts are ordinary bolts (used for secondary connections such as purlins and beams) and high-strength bolts (used for primary load-bearing connections such as beams and columns, supports and beams and columns), which have the advantages of being detachable, easy to install, and do not require on-site welding.

　　2焊缝连接

　　2 Weld seam connection

　　用于受力较大或螺栓难以连接的部位（如 H 型钢梁的工厂拼接），常见焊缝形式有角焊缝、对接焊缝，需保证焊缝质量（如探伤检测），避免出现裂纹、未熔合等缺陷。

　　Used for areas with high stress or difficult to connect with bolts (such as factory splicing of H-beams), common weld forms include fillet welds and butt welds. The quality of the weld must be ensured (such as through non-destructive testing) to avoid defects such as cracks and lack of fusion.

　　3铆接连接

　　3 Riveted connections

　　传统连接方式，现已较少使用，仅在特殊复古建筑或受力特殊的部位应用。

　　The traditional connection method is now less commonly used and is only applied in special retro buildings or areas with special stress.

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