铁艺护栏高度科普

　　Popular science on the height of wrought iron guardrails

　　据不完全统计发现，在公开高层坠落的事件中，其中铁艺护栏坠落的占比较大，且坠落的年龄段在2~6岁之间，引发社会对儿童高空坠落的担忧。

　　According to incomplete statistics, a large proportion of incidents involving public high-rise falls occur with iron guardrails falling, and the age range of falls is between 2 and 6 years old, which has raised concerns in society about children falling from heights.

　　2~6岁年龄段好奇心较强，没有对危险的判断力！

　　The age group of 2-6 years old has strong curiosity and lacks judgment on danger!

　　7岁以下不同时期的儿童身高(根据卫生部组织相关专家研究制订的《中国7岁以下儿童生长发育参照标准》（2009年版）为参考)

　　Height of children under 7 years old at different stages (based on the "Reference Standards for Growth and Development of Children Under 7 Years Old in China" (2009 edition) developed by relevant experts organized by the Ministry of Health as a reference)

　　铁艺护栏尺寸如何定？

　　How to determine the size of wrought iron guardrails?

　　（1）铁艺护栏高度尺寸

　　(1) Height dimension of wrought iron guardrail

　　以临空高度24米为标准，24米以下的铁艺护栏高度为1050mm；24米及以上的铁艺护栏高度为1100mm；开敞中庭铁艺护栏为1200mm。参考民用建筑铁艺护栏特点，景观人行天桥基于公共属性特点取高值。

　　Based on a height of 24 meters above ground level, the height of wrought iron guardrails below 24 meters is 1050mm; the height of wrought iron guardrails above 24 meters is 1100mm; and the height of wrought iron guardrails in open courtyards is 1200mm. Referring to the characteristics of wrought iron guardrails in civil buildings, landscape pedestrian overpasses are given higher values based on their public attributes.

　　△24米以下的铁艺护栏高度为1050mm（多为住宅、公寓等建筑铁艺护栏）

　　The height of wrought iron guardrails below 24 meters is 1050mm (mostly for residential, apartment and other building wrought iron guardrails)

　　△24米及以上的铁艺护栏高度为1100mm（多为住宅、公寓等建筑铁艺护栏）

　　The height of wrought iron guardrails with a height of 24 meters or more is 1100mm (mostly for residential, apartment, and other building wrought iron guardrails)

　　△开敞中庭铁艺护栏为1200mm（多为商场等公共场所建筑铁艺护栏）

　　The iron railing in the open atrium is 1200mm (mostly used for building iron railings in public places such as shopping malls)

　　（2）铁艺护栏高度从哪里开始算起？

　　(2) Where does the height of wrought iron guardrails start from?

　　当设计满足底面宽度≥220mm和铁艺护栏高度≤450mm这个条件时，铁艺护栏高度应从可踏面顶面算起。

　　When the design meets the conditions of bottom width ≥ 220mm and iron guardrail height ≤ 450mm, the height of the iron guardrail should be calculated from the top surface of the tread surface.

　　△铁艺护栏高度尺寸模拟图

　　△ Simulation diagram of height dimension of wrought iron guardrail

　　（3）铁艺护栏离地尺寸

　　(3) The ground clearance size of wrought iron guardrails

　　公共场所铁艺护栏离地100mm不宜留空。

　　The iron fence in public places should not be left empty 100mm above the ground.

　　（4）垂直铁艺护栏尺寸

　　(4) Dimensions of vertical wrought iron guardrails

　　垂直杆件做铁艺护栏时，铁艺护栏净间距不应大于110mm。

　　When using vertical rods as wrought iron guardrails, the clear spacing between wrought iron guardrails should not exceed 110mm.

　　△铁艺护栏离地尺寸和垂直铁艺护栏尺寸

　　△ Dimensions of iron railing above ground and vertical iron railing

　　铁艺护栏如何优化

　　How to optimize wrought iron guardrails

　　据不完全统计发现，在全国媒体公开报道儿童攀爬铁艺护栏坠楼事件中，铁艺护栏的设计高度均符合国家规范且验收合格，由于规范图库只显示剖立面高度，铁艺护栏正立面并没有图例。设计师增加了铁艺护栏装饰造型导致部分铁艺护栏存在儿童可攀爬的抓点，目前该类型的铁艺护栏存在非常大的安全隐患。

　　According to incomplete statistics, it has been found that in the public reports of children climbing iron railings and falling from buildings by national media, the design height of the iron railings meets national standards and has been accepted as qualified. However, since the standard image library only displays the height of the cross-section, there is no legend for the front facade of the iron railings. The designer added decorative shapes to the wrought iron guardrails, which resulted in some of them having child climbing points. Currently, this type of wrought iron guardrail poses a significant safety hazard.

　　不应设横向铁艺护栏

　　Horizontal wrought iron guardrails should not be installed

　　许多从铁艺护栏坠落案例中统计发现，铁艺护栏设计中大部分是满足规范高度要求。但有可攀爬的横向铁艺护栏，儿童好动、安全意识薄弱，在没有监护人的陪同下，儿童容易抓着横杆登上踏面，存在的坠落危险！

　　Many cases of falling from wrought iron guardrails have shown that the design of wrought iron guardrails mostly meets the standard height requirements. But there are horizontal wrought iron guardrails that can be climbed, and children are active and have weak safety awareness. Without the accompaniment of a guardian, children are prone to grasping the horizontal bars and climbing onto the tread, which poses a risk of falling!

　　该类型铁艺护栏出现儿童攀爬坠亡事故事件！该铁艺护栏符合规范高度要求、但存在可攀爬抓手及脚踏面，不应再设计该类型铁艺护栏。

　　There has been a child climbing and falling accident with this type of wrought iron guardrail! The wrought iron guardrail meets the height requirements of the specifications, but there are climbing handles and footrest surfaces, so this type of wrought iron guardrail should not be designed again.

　　铁艺护栏受力规定

　　Regulations on the stress of wrought iron guardrails

　　1.2.14楼梯、看台、阳台和上人屋面等的铁艺护栏活荷载标准值.不应小于下列规定值:

　　1.2.14 Standard live load values for wrought iron guardrails on stairs, stands, balconies, and accessible roofs It should not be less than the following specified values:

　　1住宅、宿舍、办公楼、旅馆、医院、托儿所、幼儿园.铁艺护栏顶部的水平荷载应取1.OkN/m;

　　1. Residential, dormitory, office building, hotel, hospital, daycare center, kindergarten The horizontal load on the top of the wrought iron guardrail should be taken as 1.0kN/m;

　　2食堂、刷场、电影院、车站、礼堂、展览馆或体育场.铁艺护栏顶部的水平荷载应取1.OkN/m.竖向荷载应取1.2kN/m.水平荷载与竖向荷载应分别考虑:

　　2 canteens, venues, cinemas, stations, auditoriums, exhibition halls or sports venues The horizontal load on the top of the wrought iron guardrail should be taken as 1.0kN/m. The vertical load should be taken as 1.2kN/m. The horizontal load and vertical load should be considered separately:

　　3中小学校的上人屋面、外廊、楼梯、平台、阳台等临空部位必须设防护铁艺护栏，铁艺护栏顶部的水平荷载应取1.5kN/m，竖向荷载应取1.2kN/m:水平荷载与竖向荷载应分别考虑；

　　Protective wrought iron guardrails must be installed at exposed areas such as roofs, corridors, stairs, platforms, balconies, etc. in primary and secondary schools. The horizontal load on the top of the wrought iron guardrail should be taken as 1.5kN/m, and the vertical load should be taken as 1.2kN/m: the horizontal load and vertical load should be considered separately;

　　城市道路交通设施设计规范GB50688-2011(2019年版)

　　Design Code for Urban Road Traffic Facilities GB50688-2011 (2019 Edition)

　　4 人行护栏应以坚固、耐久的材料制作。有跌落危险或一侧有快速机动车通行的人行护栏的结构验算竖向荷载应为1.2kN/m，水平回外荷载应为1.OkN/m，两者不同时作用;桥梁、人行天桥上的人行护栏的结构验算竖向荷载应为1.2kN/m，水平向外荷载应为2.5kN/m，两者应分别计算，不同时作用，且不与其他可变作用叠加。

　　Pedestrian guardrails should be made of sturdy and durable materials. The structural verification of pedestrian guardrails with a risk of falling or rapid motor vehicle traffic on one side should have a vertical load of 1.2kN/m and a horizontal outward load of 1.0kN/m, with the two not acting simultaneously; The structural verification of pedestrian guardrails on bridges and overpasses should have a vertical load of 1.2kN/m and a horizontal outward load of 2.5kN/m. The two should be calculated separately, not acting simultaneously, and not overlapping with other variable effects.

　　城市桥梁设计规范CJJ11-2011(2019年版)

　　Design Specification for Urban Bridges CJJ11-2011 (2019 Edition)

　　10.0.7作用在桥上人行道铁艺护栏扶手上的竖向荷载应为1.2kN/m;水平荷载应为2.5kN/m。两者应分别计算，且不应与其他可变作用叠加。立柱柱顶推力应为扶手水平荷载焦度与柱间距的乘积.

　　The vertical load acting on the iron guardrail handrail of the pedestrian walkway on the bridge should be 1.2kN/m; The horizontal load should be 2.5kN/m. Both should be calculated separately and should not be combined with other variable effects. The top thrust of the column should be the product of the horizontal load focus of the handrail and the column spacing

　　铁艺护栏构造设计

　　Design of Iron Fence Construction

　　1  铁艺护栏高度不应小于1.10m。

　　The height of the wrought iron guardrail should not be less than 1.10m.

　　（结构与概念补充：当临近非机动车道时，铁艺护栏的高度不应小于1.4m，荷载要求也不同于行人的）

　　(Structural and conceptual supplement: When approaching non motorized vehicle lanes, the height of the wrought iron guardrail should not be less than 1.4m, and the load requirements should also be different from those for pedestrians.)

　　2  铁艺护栏应以坚固、耐久的材料制作，并能承受4.2.19条规定的水平荷载：作用在天桥铁艺护栏扶手上的竖向荷载为1.2kN/m；水平向外荷载为2.5kN/m。两者应分别计算。

　　2. The wrought iron guardrail should be made of sturdy and durable materials, and able to withstand the horizontal load specified in Article 4.2.19: the vertical load acting on the handrail of the pedestrian bridge wrought iron guardrail is 1.2kN/m; The horizontal outward load is 2.5kN/m. Both should be calculated separately.

　　3  铁艺护栏构件间的最大净间距不得大于0.11m，且不宜采用横线条铁艺护栏。

　　The maximum clear distance between the components of the three wrought iron guardrails shall not exceed 0.11m, and horizontal wrought iron guardrails should not be used.

　　4  有残疾人通行时，应在0.65m高度处另设扶手，在儿童通行较多处，应在0.80m高度处另设扶手，扶手起点水平段宜安装盲文铭牌。

　　When there are disabled people passing through, an additional handrail should be installed at a height of 0.65m. In areas with a lot of children passing through, an additional handrail should be installed at a height of 0.80m. Braille nameplates should be installed at the starting horizontal section of the handrail.

　　5  梯宽大于6m，或冬季有积雪的地方，梯（坡）面有滑跌危险时，梯、坡道中间宜增设铁艺护栏扶手。

　　When the width of the ladder is greater than 6m or there is snow accumulation in winter, and there is a risk of sliding or falling on the ladder (slope) surface, iron guardrails and handrails should be added in the middle of the ladder or slope.

　　栏杆立柱的结构模型

　　Structural model of railing columns

　　把单独一根立柱拿来分析，就是一根悬臂梁。栏杆的主要荷载是活荷载，即栏杆顶部的水平荷载，作用在栏杆立柱上就是集中荷载。

　　Analyzing a single column is like a cantilever beam. The main load of the railing is the live load, which is the horizontal load at the top of the railing, acting on the railing columns as a concentrated load.

　　外力(荷载)一荷载组合

　　External force (load) - load combination

　　3.2荷载组合

　　3.2 Load combination

　　3.2.1建筑结构设计应根据使用过程中在结构上可能同时出现的荷载，按承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态分别进行荷载组合，并应取各自的最不利的组合进行设计。

　　3.2.1 The design of building structures should be based on the possible simultaneous occurrence of loads on the structure during use, and load combinations should be carried out separately according to the ultimate bearing capacity state and the normal service limit state, and the most unfavorable combination of each should be taken for design.

　　对于荷载组合我们暂不细究，大概理解为不同荷载同时作用时，各自的系数，并对起控制作用的荷载放大，这样实际使用过程中，即使在一定程度上荷载超过标准值，结构仍然是安全的。

　　For the load combination, we will not delve into it in detail. It is roughly understood as the coefficients of different loads acting simultaneously, and amplifying the controlling load. In this way, even if the load exceeds the standard value to a certain extent during actual use, the structure is still safe.

　　荷载标准值

　　Load standard value

　　恒载D=0(在水平方向，恒载没有作用)活载L=3.0kN/m

　　Dead load D=0 (in the horizontal direction, dead load has no effect) Live load L=3.0kN/m

　　本文由  济南铁艺护栏  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.jnghbxg.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan Iron Art Guardrail For more related knowledge, please click http://www.jnghbxg.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Stay tuned