常见钢结构厂房的设计问题

Common Design Problems of Steel Structure Workshop

很多厂房在搭建时，都会选用钢结构材质，因为钢结构强度大，建筑成本比较低，施工周期短，对于钢结构厂房在设计时，有哪些常见问题呢？

Many factory buildings are built with steel structure materials, because the steel structure is strong, the construction cost is relatively low, and the construction period is short. What are the common problems in the design of steel structure factory buildings?

1、基础问题：主要表现为地基强度，地基变形以及地基破坏三个方面。强度问题集中在因承载力不足引起的基础稳定性不足的问题，变形问题多发生在荷载地基易出现不均匀的沉降、过大变形的软土、膨胀土、湿陷性黄土以及季节冻土等地区，破坏问题主要呈现为局部或整体的剪切破坏及冲切剪切破坏等形式。

1. Foundation problems: Foundation strength, foundation deformation and foundation failure are the main manifestations. Strength problems mainly focus on the insufficient stability of foundation caused by insufficient bearing capacity. Deformation problems often occur in the areas of uneven settlement of loaded foundation, soft soil with excessive deformation, expansive soil, collapsible loess and seasonally frozen soil. The failure problems mainly take the form of local or integral shear failure and punching shear failure.

2、钢屋盖系统的设计问题

2. Design of Steel Roof System

钢结构厂房钢屋盖大部分的承重构件由细长、壁薄的杆件组成，截面的形状较为复杂，节点的应力相对集中且存在偏心，在进行屋盖系统的设计时，计算荷载与计算简图接近于计算的极限状态，系统构件承载力的储备有限，相应的系统对于温度、超载及腐蚀的作用十分敏锐，偶然的因素就可能导致其失效。

Most bearing components of steel roof of steel structure factory building are composed of slender and thin-walled members. The shape of section is complex, the stress of joints is relatively concentrated and eccentricity exists. When designing roof system, the calculation load and calculation sketch are close to the limit state of calculation. The reserve of bearing capacity of system members is limited, and the corresponding system plays a role in temperature, overload and corrosion. Very sensitive, accidental factors may lead to its failure.

3、檩条、墙梁与拉条问题

3. Purlins, Wall Beams and Strings

钢结构厂房工程的檩条、拉条与墙梁多选用Z形、C形的实腹式冷弯薄壁型钢材，这种类型的钢材具有整体刚度较好的优点，截面的回转半径与惯性矩较大，可以充分发挥材料性能。

In purlin, tension bar and wall beam of steel structure factory building, Z-shaped and C-shaped solid-web cold-formed thin-walled steel is mostly used. This kind of steel has the advantages of good overall stiffness, larger turning radius and inertia moment of section, and can give full play to material performance.

钢结构车间的防火保护措施

Fire protection measures for steel structure workshop

1、浇筑混凝土砌筑砖块法，可在钢结构车间上现浇成型或者采用喷射工艺也行，比较适用于没有保护面板的钢柱防火保护，或者容易碰撞的钢柱。

1. The method of pouring concrete bricks can be cast in situ or sprayed in steel structure workshop. It is more suitable for steel columns without protective panels for fire protection or easy to collide with.

2、防火涂料方法，具有一定的装饰效果，方法可刷可喷，高温时涂层膨胀增厚可以保护钢构件，有施工简单轻便的特点，比较适合用于隐蔽的构件等。

2. Fire-proof coating method has certain decorative effect. It can be brushed and sprayed. Expansion and thickening of coating can protect steel components at high temperature. It has the characteristics of simple and light construction, and is more suitable for concealed components.

 

                                                  济南轻型钢结构

 

3、轻质防火厚板包覆法：这种方法不仅损耗小、耐老化、施工方便周期短等特点。

3. Lightweight fire-proof thick plate coating method: This method not only has the characteristics of low loss, aging resistance, short construction period and so on.

4、复合保护方法：在表面要求装饰，需要粘贴柔性毯状隔热材料，或者涂敷厚质防火涂料的钢柱，采用柔性毯状隔热材料，或者紧贴钢板用的防火涂料，表面可使用防火薄板做罩面板。

4. Compound protection method: Decoration is required on the surface. Flexible blanket insulation material or steel column coated with thick fire retardant coating are required. Flexible blanket insulation material or fire retardant coating for steel plate are used. Fire retardant sheet can be used as cover panel on the surface.