在建筑领域，轻型钢结构凭借质轻高强、施工便捷等优势被广泛应用。然而，钢结构易受腐蚀的特性始终是影响其使用寿命与安全性的关键因素。尤其是在像济南这样四季分明、空气湿度和污染物存在季节性变化的环境中，做好轻型钢结构的防腐蚀处理显得尤为重要。深入了解腐蚀原理并采取科学有效的防腐蚀措施，是保障轻型钢结构长期稳定运行的核心所在。

　　In the field of construction, lightweight steel structures are widely used due to their advantages of light weight, high strength, and convenient construction. However, the susceptibility of steel structures to corrosion remains a key factor affecting their service life and safety. Especially in environments like Jinan with distinct four seasons and seasonal variations in air humidity and pollutants, it is particularly important to carry out anti-corrosion treatment for lightweight steel structures. A deep understanding of corrosion principles and the adoption of scientifically effective anti-corrosion measures are the core to ensure the long-term stable operation of lightweight steel structures.

　　轻型钢结构防腐蚀处理的主要方法

　　The main methods for anti-corrosion treatment of lightweight steel structures

　　1.预处理

　　1. Preprocessing

　　高质量的表面预处理是防腐蚀的基础。首先通过机械打磨、喷砂等方式，彻底清除钢材表面的铁锈、氧化皮、油污等杂质。喷砂处理能有效去除表面杂质，同时使钢材表面形成均匀粗糙的微观结构，增加后续防护涂层的附着力。打磨和喷砂处理后，需及时对钢材进行清洁和干燥处理，避免在空气中再次氧化生锈，为后续的防腐涂层施工创造良好条件。

　　High quality surface pretreatment is the foundation of corrosion prevention. Firstly, impurities such as rust, oxide scale, and oil stains on the surface of the steel are thoroughly removed through mechanical polishing, sandblasting, and other methods. Sandblasting treatment can effectively remove surface impurities and form a uniform and rough microstructure on the steel surface, increasing the adhesion of subsequent protective coatings. After polishing and sandblasting, the steel should be cleaned and dried in a timely manner to avoid further oxidation and rusting in the air, creating favorable conditions for subsequent anti-corrosion coating construction.

　　2.防护

　　2. Protection

　　底漆涂装：底漆直接与钢材表面接触，是防护的第一道屏障。富锌底漆是常用的选择，其含有大量锌粉，锌的电极电位低于铁，当涂层破损时，锌优先发生氧化反应，从而保护钢材不被腐蚀，起到牺牲阳极的保护作用。环氧底漆则具有优异的附着力和抗化学腐蚀性能，能够有效隔绝外界腐蚀介质与钢材的接触。

　　Primer coating: The primer directly contacts the surface of the steel and is the first barrier of protection. Zinc rich primer is a commonly used choice, which contains a large amount of zinc powder. The electrode potential of zinc is lower than that of iron. When the coating is damaged, zinc preferentially undergoes oxidation reaction, thus protecting the steel from corrosion and playing a sacrificial anode protection role. Epoxy primer has excellent adhesion and chemical corrosion resistance, which can effectively isolate the contact between external corrosive media and steel.

　　中间漆涂装：中间漆主要用于增加涂层厚度，提高整体防护性能。它可以填充底漆表面的微小孔隙，增强涂层的致密性和抗渗透能力。常用的中间漆有环氧云铁中间漆，其片状的云母氧化铁颜料在涂层中相互交错排列，形成多层屏蔽结构，有效阻止腐蚀介质的渗透。

　　Intermediate paint coating: Intermediate paint is mainly used to increase coating thickness and improve overall protective performance. It can fill the tiny pores on the surface of the primer, enhancing the density and impermeability of the coating. The commonly used intermediate paint is epoxy mica iron intermediate paint, whose sheet-like mica iron oxide pigments are arranged in a staggered manner in the coating to form a multi-layer shielding structure, effectively preventing the penetration of corrosive media.

　　面漆涂装：面漆主要起到装饰和保护作用，提高涂层的耐候性、耐磨损性和抗紫外线性能。在济南的户外环境中，可选用丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆或氟碳面漆。丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆具有良好的保光保色性和耐候性，能长时间保持涂层的美观；氟碳面漆则具有超强的耐候性和化学稳定性，适用于对防腐蚀和装饰要求极高的建筑。

　　Topcoat coating: Topcoat mainly plays a decorative and protective role, improving the weather resistance, wear resistance, and UV resistance of the coating. In the outdoor environment of Jinan, acrylic polyurethane topcoat or fluorocarbon topcoat can be used. Acrylic polyurethane topcoat has good light and color retention, as well as weather resistance, which can maintain the beauty of the coating for a long time; Fluorocarbon topcoat has strong weather resistance and chemical stability, suitable for buildings with extremely high requirements for corrosion prevention and decoration.

　　3.保护技术

　　3. Protecting technology

　　牺牲阳极保护法：在轻型钢结构上连接比钢材更活泼的金属，如锌块、镁合金块等作为牺牲阳极。由于这些金属的电极电位更低，在电解质溶液中优先发生氧化反应，释放电子，从而使钢结构成为阴极被保护起来。牺牲阳极保护法适用于小型钢结构或局部防腐蚀保护，具有安装简单、无需外加电源等优点。

　　Sacrificial anode protection method: Connecting metals that are more reactive than steel, such as zinc blocks, magnesium alloy blocks, etc., on lightweight steel structures as sacrificial anodes. Due to the lower electrode potential of these metals, oxidation reactions preferentially occur in electrolyte solutions, releasing electrons and thus protecting the steel structure as a cathode. The sacrificial anode protection method is suitable for small steel structures or local anti-corrosion protection, and has the advantages of simple installation and no need for external power supply.

　　外加电流阴极保护法：通过外部直流电源，将钢结构与电源的负极相连，使钢结构成为阴极；同时在电解质溶液中设置辅助阳极，并与电源的正极相连。电源向钢结构提供电子，使其表面始终保持负电位，从而抑制腐蚀反应的发生。外加电流阴极保护法适用于大型钢结构设施，如大型厂房、桥梁等，但需要专业的设备和维护管理。

　　External current cathodic protection method: By connecting the steel structure to the negative pole of an external DC power source, the steel structure becomes the cathode; Simultaneously, an auxiliary anode is set up in the electrolyte solution and connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. The power supply provides electrons to the steel structure to maintain a negative potential on its surface, thereby suppressing the occurrence of corrosion reactions. The cathodic protection method with applied current is suitable for large steel structure facilities, such as large factories, bridges, etc., but requires professional equipment and maintenance management.

　　4.防腐蚀技术应用

　　4. Application of anti-corrosion technology

　　随着科技发展，一些新型防腐蚀技术逐渐应用于轻型钢结构。纳米涂层技术通过在涂层中添加纳米级材料，改善涂层的微观结构，提高涂层的致密性、硬度和耐腐蚀性；复合涂层技术将不同性能的涂层材料进行复合，如将有机涂层与无机涂层复合，充分发挥各自优势，提升整体防腐蚀性能；自修复涂层技术则是在涂层中添加特殊物质，当涂层出现微小破损时，这些物质能够自动修复破损处，恢复涂层的防护功能。

　　With the development of technology, some new anti-corrosion technologies are gradually being applied to lightweight steel structures. Nanocoating technology improves the microstructure of coatings by adding nanoscale materials, enhancing their density, hardness, and corrosion resistance; Composite coating technology combines coating materials with different properties, such as combining organic and inorganic coatings, to fully leverage their respective advantages and enhance overall corrosion resistance; Self repairing coating technology involves adding special substances to the coating, which can automatically repair minor damages and restore the protective function of the coating.

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