在现代建筑领域，轻型钢结构凭借自重轻、施工快的优势备受青睐，但钢材天生怕锈的 “弱点”，却让它在风吹日晒、雨雪侵蚀中面临挑战。从原料预处理到后期维护，一套系统的防腐蚀处理，就像为钢结构穿上坚固的 “铠甲”，守护其长久稳固。

　　In the field of modern architecture, lightweight steel structures are highly favored due to their advantages of light weight and fast construction. However, the inherent weakness of steel, which is afraid of rust, poses challenges to it in the face of wind, sun, rain, and snow erosion. From raw material pretreatment to post maintenance, a systematic anti-corrosion treatment is like putting a strong "armor" on a steel structure to protect its long-term stability.

　　一、表面预处理：打好防腐蚀的 “地基”

　　1、 Surface pretreatment: laying a solid foundation for corrosion prevention

　　防腐蚀效果的好坏，表面处理是关键第一步。钢材表面的铁锈、氧化皮、油污等杂质，会严重影响防腐涂层的附着力，因此必须彻底清除。常用的处理方法有喷砂、抛丸和酸洗。喷砂与抛丸通过高速喷射砂粒或钢丸，机械打磨钢材表面，能有效去除锈迹和杂质，同时形成粗糙的微观结构，增加涂层与钢材的接触面积；酸洗则利用化学溶液溶解铁锈，但处理后需及时中和、清洗并干燥，避免残留酸液腐蚀钢材。无论哪种方法，处理后的钢材表面清洁度需达到标准，且需在规定时间内进行后续防腐涂装，防止二次生锈。

　　The quality of anti-corrosion effect depends on surface treatment, which is the key first step. The impurities such as rust, oxide scale, and oil stains on the surface of steel can seriously affect the adhesion of anti-corrosion coatings, so they must be thoroughly removed. The commonly used processing methods include sandblasting, shot blasting, and acid washing. Sandblasting and shot blasting use high-speed spraying of sand or steel balls to mechanically polish the surface of steel, effectively removing rust and impurities, while forming a rough microstructure and increasing the contact area between the coating and the steel; Acid washing uses chemical solutions to dissolve rust, but after treatment, it needs to be neutralized, cleaned, and dried in a timely manner to avoid residual acid from corroding the steel. Regardless of the method, the cleanliness of the treated steel surface must meet the standard, and subsequent anti-corrosion coating must be carried out within the specified time to prevent secondary rusting.

　　二、涂装防护：构筑多层 “防御屏障”

　　2、 Coating protection: Building multi-layer "defense barriers"

　　涂装是轻型钢结构防腐蚀的核心手段，一般采用底漆、中间漆、面漆的多层体系。底漆直接与钢材接触，起到防锈和增强附着力的作用。富锌底漆是常见选择，其含有的锌粉能在钢材表面形成电化学保护，即使涂层局部破损，锌也会优先腐蚀，保护钢材本体。底漆喷涂时需控制厚度，通常在 60 - 80 微米，确保均匀覆盖。中间漆用于增加涂层厚度，提高防腐性能和机械强度，常见的环氧云铁中间漆能有效阻挡水汽和腐蚀介质渗透，厚度一般在 80 - 100 微米。面漆则主要起装饰和抗老化作用，丙烯酸面漆、聚氨酯面漆具有良好的耐候性，能抵御紫外线、酸雨侵蚀，颜色持久不褪色，面漆厚度约 40 - 60 微米。三层涂层相互配合，总厚度控制在 200 - 300 微米左右，形成致密的防护层。

　　Coating is the core method for anti-corrosion of lightweight steel structures, generally using a multi-layer system of primer, intermediate paint, and topcoat. The primer comes into direct contact with the steel, playing a role in rust prevention and enhancing adhesion. Zinc rich primer is a common choice, which contains zinc powder that can form electrochemical protection on the surface of steel. Even if the coating is locally damaged, zinc will preferentially corrode, protecting the steel body. When spraying primer, the thickness should be controlled, usually between 60-80 microns, to ensure uniform coverage. Intermediate paint is used to increase coating thickness, improve anti-corrosion performance and mechanical strength. Common epoxy cloud iron intermediate paint can effectively block the penetration of water vapor and corrosive media, with a thickness generally between 80-100 microns. The finish paint mainly plays the role of decoration and anti-aging. The acrylic acid finish paint and polyurethane finish paint have good weather resistance, can resist the attack of ultraviolet ray and acid rain, and the color is durable. The thickness of the finish paint is about 40-60 microns. The three layers of coating complement each other, with a total thickness controlled at around 200-300 microns, forming a dense protective layer.

　　三、特殊环境 “加强防御”：因地制宜的防护策略

　　3、 Strengthening Defense in Special Environments: Tailored Protective Strategies

　　不同使用环境对钢结构的腐蚀程度不同，需针对性加强防护。在沿海地区，高盐雾环境加速钢材腐蚀，除了选择耐盐雾性能优异的涂料，还可增加涂层厚度或采用特殊防腐体系，如氟碳涂层，其超强的化学稳定性和抗紫外线能力，能显著延长钢结构寿命。工业厂区附近，若存在酸碱等腐蚀性气体，需选用耐化学腐蚀的涂料，并对焊缝、螺栓连接等薄弱部位重点处理，可使用弹性较好的密封胶填充缝隙，防止腐蚀介质渗入。对于长期处于潮湿环境的钢结构，如地下停车场、冷库，需注重涂层的防潮性能，可采用无溶剂型涂料，避免因水汽导致涂层起泡、剥落。

　　Different usage environments have varying degrees of corrosion on steel structures, and targeted protection measures need to be strengthened. In coastal areas, high salt spray environments accelerate steel corrosion. In addition to choosing coatings with excellent salt spray resistance, coating thickness can also be increased or special anti-corrosion systems such as fluorocarbon coatings can be used. Their super strong chemical stability and UV resistance can significantly extend the service life of steel structures. In the vicinity of industrial plants, if there are corrosive gases such as acid and alkali, chemical resistant coatings should be used, and weak parts such as welds and bolt connections should be treated with priority. Elastic sealant can be used to fill the gaps to prevent the infiltration of corrosive media. For steel structures that have been in a humid environment for a long time, such as underground parking lots and cold storage facilities, attention should be paid to the moisture-proof performance of the coating. Solvent free coatings can be used to avoid coating bubbles and peeling caused by water vapor.

　　四、后期维护：定期 “体检” 保长效

　　4、 Post maintenance: Regular "health check ups" to ensure long-term effectiveness

　　防腐蚀处理并非一劳永逸，后期维护是延长钢结构寿命的关键。每隔 1 - 2 年，需对钢结构进行全面检查，重点观察涂层是否出现剥落、粉化、生锈等现象。轻微破损处，可打磨表面后补涂同类型涂料；若锈蚀面积较大，需铲除原有涂层，重新进行表面处理和涂装。此外，钢结构的连接部位，如螺栓、铆钉，容易因震动、受力产生缝隙，需定期检查并涂抹防锈油脂。在极端天气（暴雨、暴雪、高温暴晒）过后，也应及时检查，对受损部位进行修复，确保防腐体系始终发挥作用。

　　Anti corrosion treatment is not a one-time solution, and later maintenance is the key to extending the service life of steel structures. Every 1-2 years, a comprehensive inspection of the steel structure is required, with a focus on observing whether the coating has peeled off, powdered, rusted, and other phenomena. Minor damage can be repaired by polishing the surface and applying the same type of coating; If the rust area is large, the original coating needs to be removed, and surface treatment and painting should be carried out again. In addition, the connection parts of steel structures, such as bolts and rivets, are prone to gaps due to vibration and stress, and need to be regularly inspected and coated with anti rust grease. After extreme weather (rainstorm, snowstorm, high temperature exposure), timely inspection should also be carried out to repair the damaged parts to ensure that the anti-corrosion system always works.

　　五、新兴技术助力：为防腐蚀 “升级装备”

　　5、 Emerging technology assistance: upgrading equipment for corrosion prevention

　　随着材料技术发展，一些新兴防腐蚀技术也为轻型钢结构提供了新选择。例如，纳米涂层技术通过在涂料中添加纳米级材料，提升涂层的致密性和抗渗透性；热喷涂金属涂层（如喷铝、喷锌）能形成与钢材结合紧密的金属防护层，防腐性能优异。此外，智能防腐监测系统可实时监测钢结构的腐蚀情况，通过传感器收集数据，及时预警潜在风险，帮助运维人员精准维护，让防腐蚀工作更高效、科学。

　　With the development of material technology, some emerging anti-corrosion technologies have also provided new choices for lightweight steel structures. For example, nanocoating technology enhances the density and impermeability of coatings by adding nanoscale materials to them; Thermal spray metal coatings (such as aluminum spray and zinc spray) can form a metal protective layer that is tightly bonded to steel, with excellent anti-corrosion performance. In addition, the intelligent anti-corrosion monitoring system can monitor the corrosion situation of steel structures in real time, collect data through sensors, timely warn potential risks, help operation and maintenance personnel maintain accurately, and make anti-corrosion work more efficient and scientific.

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