济南铁艺大门因造型美观、坚固耐用，成为众多建筑的常用选择，但长期暴露在风吹日晒、雨雪侵蚀的环境中，漆面易出现褪色、剥落、锈蚀等问题。要让铁艺大门的漆面保持长久，需从前期处理、漆料选择、涂刷工艺到后期维护全面把控，结合济南气候特点（夏季高温多雨、冬季寒冷干燥）采取针对性措施，才能有效抵御自然侵蚀，延长漆面使用寿命至 5 年以上。

　　Jinan wrought iron gates have become a common choice for many buildings due to their beautiful appearance and durability. However, long-term exposure to wind, sun, rain, and snow erosion can cause problems such as fading, peeling, and rusting of the paint surface. To keep the paint surface of the wrought iron gate long-lasting, it is necessary to comprehensively control the pre-treatment, paint material selection, painting process, and later maintenance, and take targeted measures based on the climate characteristics of Jinan (high temperature and rainy summers, cold and dry winters), in order to effectively resist natural erosion and extend the service life of the paint surface to more than 5 years.

　　彻底的表面处理是漆面持久的基础，直接影响漆料与基材的附着力。首先需清除大门表面的锈蚀、旧漆和油污，对于轻度锈蚀（锈迹面积＜30%），可用钢丝刷、砂纸手工打磨，直至露出金属本色；重度锈蚀（锈迹面积＞50%）则需使用角磨机配合钢丝轮打磨，效率更高且能深入花纹缝隙，避免锈蚀残留。打磨后用高压气枪吹扫表面粉尘，再用稀释的中性清洁剂（如肥皂水）擦拭，去除油污和杂质，最后用清水冲洗并晾干（含水率需≤8%），确保表面干净无污染物。济南潮湿环境下，可在除锈后 4 小时内涂刷底漆，防止二次锈蚀，若间隔时间过长，需重新检查表面，发现新锈及时处理。

　　Thorough surface treatment is the foundation of long-lasting paint surface, which directly affects the adhesion between paint and substrate. Firstly, the rust, old paint, and oil stains on the surface of the gate need to be removed. For mild rust (rust area<30%), it can be manually polished with a wire brush or sandpaper until the metallic color is exposed; Severe rust (rust area>50%) requires the use of an angle grinder in conjunction with a steel wire wheel for grinding, which is more efficient and can penetrate deep into the pattern gaps to avoid residual rust. After polishing, use a high-pressure air gun to blow away surface dust, then wipe with diluted neutral cleaning agent (such as soapy water) to remove oil stains and impurities. Finally, rinse with clean water and air dry (moisture content should be ≤ 8%) to ensure that the surface is clean and free of pollutants. In the humid environment of Jinan, primer can be applied within 4 hours after rust removal to prevent secondary rusting. If the interval is too long, the surface needs to be rechecked and new rust should be promptly treated.

　　底漆的选择与涂刷是防锈的关键，为面漆提供坚实基底。环氧富锌底漆是防锈性能优异的选择，含锌量≥60%，锌粉能形成电化学保护，牺牲自身保护钢铁基材，适合济南多雨环境下的铁艺大门，干膜厚度需达到 60-80μm，通常涂刷 1-2 道。对于焊接接缝、铆钉等薄弱部位，需额外涂刷一遍底漆，增强防锈效果。若大门表面有凹陷或孔洞，需用原子灰填补并打磨平整，再涂刷底漆，避免因表面不平整导致底漆厚度不均。底漆需完全干燥（25℃环境下约 24 小时）后才能进行下一步，干燥不彻底会导致面漆起泡、脱落。

　　The selection and application of primer are key to rust prevention, providing a solid foundation for topcoat. Epoxy zinc rich primer is an excellent choice for rust prevention, with a zinc content of ≥ 60%. Zinc powder can form electrochemical protection, sacrificing its own protection of steel substrates. It is suitable for iron gates in rainy environments in Jinan, with a dry film thickness of 60-80 μ m and usually applied 1-2 times. For weak areas such as welding joints and rivets, an additional layer of primer should be applied to enhance the rust prevention effect. If there are depressions or holes on the surface of the gate, they need to be filled with atomic ash and polished flat, and then coated with primer to avoid uneven primer thickness caused by uneven surface. The primer needs to be completely dried (about 24 hours at 25 ℃) before proceeding to the next step. Incomplete drying can cause the topcoat to bubble and peel off.

　　面漆的选择需兼顾装饰性与耐候性，适应济南复杂气候。户外专用醇酸磁漆成本适中，漆膜光亮（光泽度≥80%），颜色丰富，能抵御紫外线老化，适合对外观要求高的大门，但耐水性略逊，需每 2-3 年补涂一次。丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆耐候性更优，在济南强日照下不易粉化，耐水性突出（吸水率≤2%），能承受雨水长期浸泡，使用寿命可达 5-8 年，且漆膜坚韧（铅笔硬度≥2H），抗碰撞、抗刮擦能力强，适合人流量大的场所（如小区入口、商业园区）。对于有复古风格需求的铁艺大门，可选择锤纹漆、皱纹漆，其特殊纹理能掩盖细微划痕，减少后期维护频率，但需注意这类漆料干燥时间较长（约 48 小时），施工时需预留充足时间。

　　The selection of topcoat should take into account both decorative and weather resistance, and adapt to the complex climate of Jinan. Outdoor specific alkyd enamel paint has a moderate cost, with a bright paint film (glossiness ≥ 80%), rich colors, and can resist UV aging. It is suitable for doors with high appearance requirements, but its water resistance is slightly inferior and needs to be repainted every 2-3 years. Acrylic polyurethane topcoat has better weather resistance, is less prone to powdering under strong sunlight in Jinan, has outstanding water resistance (water absorption rate ≤ 2%), can withstand long-term immersion in rainwater, has a service life of 5-8 years, and has a tough paint film (pencil hardness ≥ 2H), strong collision and scratch resistance, suitable for places with high pedestrian traffic (such as residential entrances and commercial parks). For iron gates with a retro style demand, hammer pattern paint and wrinkle paint can be chosen. Their special texture can conceal subtle scratches and reduce maintenance frequency in the later stage. However, it should be noted that these paints have a longer drying time (about 48 hours), and sufficient time should be reserved during construction.

　　科学的涂刷工艺确保漆膜均匀致密，提升防护效果。涂刷前需将漆料充分搅拌（至少 5 分钟），若粘度较高可加入适量专用稀释剂（添加量≤10%），避免过稀导致漆膜过薄。采用刷涂时，选用优质羊毛刷，遵循 “先竖后横、先难后易” 原则，即先刷缝隙、花纹等难涂部位，再刷平面，确保每个角落都覆盖漆料，刷痕要均匀，避免漏刷或流挂。采用喷涂工艺时，需控制喷枪距离（20-30cm）和气压（0.3-0.5MPa），使漆雾均匀附着，形成平整漆膜，且需分两次喷涂（第一道干燥 2 小时后再喷第二道），总干膜厚度达到 100-150μm，比单道厚涂更能保证均匀性。济南夏季施工需避开正午高温（＞35℃），防止漆料干燥过快产生针孔；冬季施工则需确保环境温度≥5℃，必要时采取加热措施，避免漆膜因低温固化不完全。

　　The scientific brushing process ensures that the paint film is uniform and dense, enhancing the protective effect. Before painting, the paint should be thoroughly stirred (for at least 5 minutes). If the viscosity is high, an appropriate amount of specialized thinner (with an addition amount ≤ 10%) can be added to avoid thinning the paint film due to excessive thinness. When using brush coating, choose high-quality wool brushes and follow the principle of "vertical first, horizontal second, difficult first, easy second", that is, brush the difficult parts such as gaps and patterns first, and then brush the flat surface to ensure that every corner is covered with paint. The brush marks should be even to avoid missing or hanging. When using the spraying process, it is necessary to control the distance of the spray gun (20-30cm) and the air pressure (0.3-0.5MPa) to ensure that the paint mist adheres evenly and forms a flat paint film. The spraying should be done in two stages (the first stage should be dried for 2 hours before the second stage), and the total dry film thickness should reach 100-150 μ m, which can ensure uniformity more effectively than a single thick coating. During summer construction in Jinan, it is necessary to avoid high temperatures (>35 ℃) at noon to prevent paint from drying too quickly and causing pinholes; During winter construction, it is necessary to ensure that the ambient temperature is ≥ 5 ℃, and heating measures should be taken if necessary to avoid incomplete curing of the paint film due to low temperature.

　　后期维护是延长漆面寿命的重要环节，需定期检查与修复。每年春秋季（济南气候温和时段）各检查一次，重点关注低洼处、花纹底部等易积水部位，发现漆膜起泡、剥落及时处理：用砂纸打磨破损部位至金属本色，清理干净后补涂底漆和面漆，确保修复区域与周围漆膜融合。日常清洁可用软布蘸清水擦拭，去除表面灰尘和鸟粪等污染物，避免使用高压水枪直接冲洗（尤其接缝处），防止水压过大冲掉漆膜。济南冬季降雪后，需及时清除大门上的积雪，避免积雪融化后渗入漆膜缝隙，结冰时膨胀导致漆膜开裂；融雪剂含有盐分，若接触大门需立即用清水冲洗，防止盐分腐蚀漆膜和基材。

　　Post maintenance is an important part of extending the lifespan of paint surfaces and requires regular inspection and repair. Inspect once a year in spring and autumn (during the mild climate period in Jinan), with a focus on low-lying areas, pattern bottoms, and other areas that are prone to water accumulation. If bubbles or peeling of the paint film are found, promptly handle them: use sandpaper to polish the damaged area to its metallic color, clean it up, and then apply primer and topcoat to ensure that the repaired area blends with the surrounding paint film. Daily cleaning can be done by using a soft cloth dipped in water to wipe off surface dust and bird droppings, and avoiding direct flushing with high-pressure water guns (especially at joints) to prevent excessive water pressure from washing off the paint film. After snowfall in winter in Jinan, it is necessary to promptly remove the snow on the gate to avoid the snow melting and seeping into the gaps of the paint film, causing the paint film to crack due to expansion when frozen; Snow melting agents contain salt. If they come into contact with the door, they should be immediately rinsed with clean water to prevent salt from corroding the paint film and substrate.

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