轻型钢结构的施工安装，每个环节都有严格的技术要求。以下5个关键环节，是保障结构安全的底线。

The construction and installation of lightweight steel structures have strict technical requirements at every stage. The following five key steps are the bottom line for ensuring structural safety.

环节一：构件进场检验与预处理

Step 1: Component Entry Inspection and Pre treatment

构件进场时需进行严格检验。轻钢结构采用的钢材应具有抗拉强度、伸长率、屈服强度以及硫、磷含量的合格保证。对焊接承重结构的钢材，尚应具有碳含量的合格保证和冷弯试验的合格保证。

Strict inspection is required upon entry of components. The steel used in light steel structures should have qualified guarantees for tensile strength, elongation, yield strength, and sulfur and phosphorus content. The steel used for welding load-bearing structures should also have qualified guarantees for carbon content and cold bending tests.

环节二：基础复测与预埋件校准

Step 2: Basic retesting and calibration of embedded parts

基础施工是轻钢结构的第一道关口。地脚螺栓的埋设是关键控制要点。预埋件位置偏差直接影响后续钢柱安装精度。基础复测需确保标高、轴线位置符合设计要求。

Basic construction is the first hurdle for light steel structures. The burial of anchor bolts is a key control point. The positional deviation of embedded parts directly affects the installation accuracy of subsequent steel columns. Basic retesting must ensure that the elevation and axis position meet the design requirements.

环节三：钢柱与钢梁吊装

Step 3: Hoisting of steel columns and beams

钢柱与钢梁的吊装是主体结构安装的核心环节。施工顺序和施工中的构造措施必须得当。施工人员要严格遵守施工规范，采用合理的施工顺序，安装必要的构造措施，保证实际结构与计算模型的一致性。

The hoisting of steel columns and beams is the core link in the installation of the main structure. The construction sequence and construction measures must be appropriate. Construction personnel must strictly comply with construction standards, adopt a reasonable construction sequence, install necessary structural measures, and ensure consistency between the actual structure and the calculation model.

环节四：檩条及支撑系统安装

Step 4: Installation of purlins and support systems

檩条及支撑系统安装直接影响屋面和墙面的稳定性。简支、小跨度的檩条宜选用Q235A等级的钢材。连续或大跨度的檩条宜选用Q345A等级的钢材。当由强度控制设计时宜用Q345A级钢材，充分利用其屈服强度高的优势。当由刚度控制设计时宜用Q235A级钢材。

The installation of purlins and support systems directly affects the stability of roofs and walls. Simple supported and small span purlins should be made of Q235A grade steel. Continuous or large-span purlins should be made of Q345A grade steel. When designing with strength control, it is advisable to use Q345A grade steel to fully utilize its high yield strength advantage. Q235A grade steel should be used when designing with stiffness control.

环节五：屋面与墙面系统施工

Step 5: Construction of Roof and Wall Systems

屋面与墙面系统施工是轻钢结构工程的收尾环节。钢骨架轻型屋面板通过钢框与钢结构网架支托焊接连接为一体。屋面板在工厂内提前加工，实现工厂化施工。

The construction of roof and wall systems is the final stage of light steel structure engineering. The steel skeleton lightweight roof panel is welded together with the steel frame and steel structure truss support as a whole. The roof panels are processed in advance in the factory to achieve factory construction.

年新增的强制性要求：

New mandatory requirements added in the year:

年起，住建部《钢结构工程全过程监管清单》强制执行。地质详勘报告必须加盖注册岩土工程师章（软土地基必须做静力触探+深层沉降模拟）。结构计算书必须上传至“全国钢结构审图云平台”完成AI辅助复核。防火涂料施工前，必须对钢构件表面粗糙度做Ra3.2μm激光检测并留影像存档。

Starting from [year], the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development has enforced the "Supervision Checklist for the Whole Process of Steel Structure Engineering". The geological survey report must be stamped with the seal of a registered geotechnical engineer (static cone penetration test+deep settlement simulation must be conducted for soft soil foundation). The structural calculation sheet must be uploaded to the "National Steel Structure Drawing Review Cloud Platform" for AI assisted review. Before the application of fireproof coating, the surface roughness of steel components must be tested by Ra3.2 μ m laser and photographed for archiving.

设计院出的蓝图≠施工图。真正能拿去下料的，是经深化单位BIM拆图、焊缝标注、螺栓孔位三维定位后的加工详图，此图必须由原设计盖章确认。

The blueprint produced by the design institute ≠ the construction drawing. What can truly be taken for cutting is the detailed machining drawing after deepening the unit's BIM disassembly, welding seam annotation, and three-dimensional positioning of bolt holes. This drawing must be confirmed by the original design seal.

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