铁艺护栏的施工质量，直接决定其使用寿命和安全性。以下6个环节，一个都不能省。

The construction quality of wrought iron guardrails directly determines their service life and safety. None of the following six steps can be omitted.

环节一：基础施工

Step 1: Basic Construction

安装前需按标准线抄平定位。挖掘基坑、浇筑混凝土基础。基础部分通过预埋钢板或化学锚栓将立柱固定于混凝土基础中。预埋间距根据现场尺寸及图纸设计要求确定。

Before installation, it is necessary to level and position according to the standard line. Excavate foundation pits and pour concrete foundations. The foundation is fixed to the concrete foundation by pre embedded steel plates or chemical anchor bolts. The pre embedded spacing is determined based on the on-site dimensions and design requirements of the drawings.

环节二：框架搭建

Step 2: Framework construction

焊接支撑结构、安装门柱。立柱一般采用方钢或圆钢，间距控制在1.5米以内。横杆设置于上下两端，增强横向刚度。中间竖杆或装饰性花格根据设计风格进行艺术造型。

Welding support structures and installing door posts. The columns are generally made of square or round steel, with a spacing controlled within 1.5 meters. The horizontal bars are set at the upper and lower ends to enhance the lateral stiffness. The middle vertical pole or decorative flower grid is artistically shaped according to the design style.

环节三：栏片安装

Step 3: Fence installation

预制栏片用螺栓（镀锌M8）或焊接固定。网片与立柱的连接采用半圆头方颈螺栓，配备防盗垫圈。竖杆间距需符合安全规范——≤110mm。

Prefabricated fence panels are fixed with bolts (galvanized M8) or welded. The connection between the mesh and the column adopts semi-circular head square neck bolts, equipped with anti-theft washers. The spacing between vertical poles must comply with safety regulations - ≤ 110mm.

环节四：焊接质量控制

Step 4: Welding Quality Control

焊接是护栏施工的关键环节。焊口需满焊、无断缝，打磨后与母材平齐，避免尖锐边角。焊缝应饱满、无夹渣、气孔等缺陷。焊接完成后及时清除焊渣并进行防锈处理。抽检10%做渗透探伤。

Welding is a crucial step in the construction of guardrails. The weld joint should be fully welded without any broken seams, and after polishing, it should be flush with the base material to avoid sharp edges and corners. The weld seam should be full and free of defects such as slag inclusion and porosity. After welding is completed, promptly remove welding slag and perform rust prevention treatment. 10% of the samples will be subjected to penetrant testing.

焊接材料选用E43型焊条，焊条需干燥无结块。手工电弧焊采用E4303焊条，焊接电流90-120A，焊缝高度不小于3mm。

The welding material should be E43 type welding rod, which should be dry and free of lumps. Manual arc welding uses E4303 welding rod, with a welding current of 90-120A and a weld height of not less than 3mm.

环节五：防腐处理

Step 5: Anti corrosion treatment

焊接完成后，及时进行防锈处理。推广使用热浸镀锌或静电喷涂等先进防腐工艺。表面处理包括除锈、防锈底漆及面漆。防锈漆、面漆需选用符合国家标准的防腐涂料。

After welding is completed, timely rust prevention treatment should be carried out. Promote the use of advanced anti-corrosion processes such as hot-dip galvanizing or electrostatic spraying. Surface treatment includes rust removal, rust proof primer, and topcoat. Rust proof paint and topcoat should use anti-corrosion coatings that meet national standards.

环节六：验收标准

Step 6: Acceptance Criteria

安装偏差必须符合国家规定和设计要求。栏杆垂直度、直线度误差≤3mm，间距误差≤3mm。用经纬仪检测，偏差≤5mm/2m。焊接质量无咬边、虚焊。

Installation deviation must comply with national regulations and design requirements. The verticality and straightness error of the railing are ≤ 3mm, and the spacing error is ≤ 3mm. The deviation is ≤ 5mm/2m when tested with a theodolite. The welding quality is free from undercutting and virtual welding.

批量较大的活件，先打样让委托方确认无误后，方可批量生产。

Large batches of live parts should be sampled and confirmed by the client before mass production can begin.

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